Ray Jay wrote:So, taking a step back, it seems to me that one has to acknowledge that people are both selfish and altruistic. (I prefer not to use the terms good and evil.) Biologists will tell you that altruism was and is necessary for the group to survive. You take care of your group for mutual benefit. Every day soldiers risk their lives for their group. You take a risk so that the clan can take down a buffalo. You share information so that others can harvest good plants. Sometimes you take care of their kids with no obvious quid pro quo.
This is close to my own view of human nature. It seems off to talk about the 'inherent evil' of man without addressing the fact that sometimes humans carry out acts of extraordinary bravery or compassion for the benefit of others.
Regarding Orwell, his intent may have been to call for democratic socialism vis-a-vis non-democratic socialism; however, for me his books resonate as a critic of revolutionary socialism. I appreciate his intelligence and abilty, but I think he doesn't fully understand the selfishness gene the way a police detective does after many years on the job. Human nature is what it is; I posit that revolutions go bad more often than they go well.
Orwell was actually a policeman for 5 years in Burma. He wrote a novel based on his experiences, which was about the effects of the imperial system and society on the people and how the system was undermining the better side of human nature (Burmese Days). If you want to criticise the man for lack of law enforcement experience, go ahead, but I think it an odd route to go down.
His books (I assume you refer to the last two novels, rather than the four other novels and three narrative documentaries) are indeed a criticism of the post-revolutionary socialist of Stalin, although Nineteen Eighty-Four is also about his experiences working for the Ministry of Information in the UK during WWII, the way in which WWII slid into the Cold War, and is really an inverse of the outcome he had outlined in The Lion and The Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius. Remember also that with the unreliable history, it could well have been a fascist regime (English Socialism invoking the National Socialism of Hitler), and it's not clear whether IngSoc came to power from revolution or democracy (the official history suggests that the main means of creating Oceania is the takeover of the British Empire by the USA).
Indeed, neither are a strict criticsm of revolution itself. And I think reading his books you do indeed get a strong indication that he sees a similar duality in human nature that you do.
Give me capitalism, democracy, a rule of law (including property right) and free trade. Soften it with some social spending. But let's marvel at the brilliance of an economic / political system that can temper human selfishness, nay, channel human selfishness for maximum well being. Let's marvel at an economic / political system that can create checks and balances, both political and economic, that can protect liberty, which by definition means protecting property, and also guard against tyrany.
I understand what you are saying, but while capitalism does appear to generate maximum wellbeing in an aggregate sense, I don't agree that it does so at an individual level. Capitalism can just as easily restrict liberty as any other economic system, it can undermine or negate democracy, and when it has a spasm of crisis, the outcome can be disastrous. It is also a terrible system to use in a national crisis, such as major war, and also without fetters is just as prone to the problem of dishonesty and greed as any other system.
Besides, it may not be the best system. All we know is that it's the system that pretty much prevailed during the last couple of centuries in the West (although with a healthy dose of mercantilism for much of the early years, before welfare came in). It's reverse logic to say that the path we took was the only/best path to take to get where we are. A different history could have given completely different results, but we cannot know. To assume that there is no as-yet unknown alternative, or that the alternatives are worse is a form of cognitive bias. It's really a bit post-hoc.
Okay, I'm on cold medicine right now so I'm not sure whether this is brilliant or crazy talk.
It seems pretty good to me. Best of all, it's reflective and balanced. I don't wholly agree, but it's is 'agreeable'