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Post 09 Sep 2014, 8:17 am

Danivon:
But I was really referring to the way that Zionism was a means to make the land "as Jewish as England is English" (Chaim Weizmann). And the words of early (pre-Holocaust) Zionist leaders and commenters:

When Theodore Herzl was writing in his diary about building a Jewish homeland, he wrote in his diary in 1895:

"When we occupy the land, we shall bring immediate benefits to the state that receives us. We must expropriate gently the private property on the estates assigned to us. We shall try to spirit the penniless population across the border by procuring employment for it in the transit countries, while denying it any employment in our country. The property owners will come over to our side. Both the process of expropriation and the removal of the poor must be carried out discretely and circumspectly ... It goes without saying that we shall respectfully tolerate persons of other faiths and protect their property, their honor, and their freedom with the harshest means of coercion. This is another area in which we shall set the entire world a wonderful example ... Should there be many such immovable owners in individual areas [who would not sell their property to us], we shall simply leave them there and develop our commerce in the direction of other areas which belong to us"

Manahem Ussihkin in 1930: "We must continually raise the demand that our land be returned to our possession … if there are other inhabitants there, they must be transferred to some other place. We must take over the land. We have a greater and nobler ideal than preserving several hundred thousands of Arab fellahin."

Ben-Gurion in 1937: "We must expel Arabs and take their places… and, if we have to use force – not to dispossess the Arabs of the Negev and Transjordan, but to guarantee our own right to settle in those places – then we have force at our disposal."

Yosef Weitz in 1938: "the transfer of the Arab population from the area of the Jewish State does not serve only one aim - to diminish the Arab population, it also serves a second, no less important aim which is to evacuate land presently held and cultivated by the Arabs and thus to release it for the Jewish inhabitants."

Jabotinksy in 1939: "There is no choice: the Arabs must make room for the Jews in Eretz Israel. If it was possible to transfer the Baltic peoples, it is also possible to move the Palestinian Arabs (to Iraq and Saudi Arabia)."

BTW, 3 of your 6 quotes are from after the start of the Holocaust. Not like you to miss stuff like that.

Your most important quote is from the father of Zionism. I repeat it here:

It goes without saying that we shall respectfully tolerate persons of other faiths and protect their property, their honor, and their freedom with the harshest means of coercion. This is another area in which we shall set the entire world a wonderful example ... Should there be many such immovable owners in individual areas [who would not sell their property to us], we shall simply leave them there and develop our commerce in the direction of other areas which belong to us"


What's wrong with that? The bulk of the conversation is about living in peace with Arab neighbors. There is some conversation about encouraging Arabs to move out of Palestine. There is less conversation about forcing Arabs to move out of Palestine. As the Arabs' attitude hardens in the 20's, and as the Jewish experience gets worse in Europe in the 30's, the rhetoric sometimes (but not always) gets harsher. But it certainly contrasts quite favorable to what the Arabs were saying, right?
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 9:32 am

No, not a typo. At formation in 1964 it did not recognise Israel's right to exist and sought full restoration of Palestine (except the Transjordan) as an Arab Palestinian homeland with Jews expelled other than those descended from people living there before the Zionist settlements.

Since then, their position has changed. There was some debate through the 70s and 80s, but the 1993 letters of recognition explicitly nullify the clauses of the Palestinian Covenant regarding the right of Israel to exist. And the whole basis of Oslo and beyond is to work towards a two-stae solution.

Of course, to suggest that only the Palestinians have reneged or been disingenuous is also misleading. Netanyahu is on record back in 2001 as talking about the deals he signed in earlier years (such as the 1997 Hebron agreement) as being hedged in a way that mean he could interpret 'specified military locations' which were for security purposes not to be withdrawn from as being 'the entire Jordan Valley'.

The Oslo Accords were being hamstrung well before Camp David.
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 9:51 am

While there was considerable repression, the actual Holocaust (systematic mass murder) did not start until 1941 in the wake of the invasion of the USSR. The 'Final Solution' - genocide sanctioned and organsed from the top of the regime - commenced in 1942, but 1941 is more usually accepted as tge staring point.

In 1939, Germany was more keen on mass deportation and 'voluntary' relocation. Even during the early war the idea of reinstating ghettos was to make it easier to deport large numbers. Concemtration camps before 1941 were for incarceration (again, prior to explusion) and while conditions were abominable and death rates high, it was due to lack of caring rather than deliberate policy.

Unless of course you are taking the word to mean something else, but it has since the middle ages meant 'great massacre'.

This is why I omitted all quotes from after 1939, to be sure that it predated the Holocaust, and indeed public knowledge of it even among Zionists, and to avoid any overlap with the pre-Holocaust activities in Poland and other occupied countries.
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 11:43 am

Danivon:
This is why I omitted all quotes from after 1939, to be sure that it predated the Holocaust, and indeed public knowledge of it even among Zionists, and to avoid any overlap with the pre-Holocaust activities in Poland and other occupied countries.


Fair enough. What Zionist leaders knew from 1933 - 1939 is a conversation for another day, Hitler had certainly taken full control over Germany and his views were fully documented. There already was widespread anti-Semitism. He had already conquered a couple of countries. The Soviet Union was no bargain either. I agree with you that what happened is mind-boggling and would not have been expected by anyone in spite of any signs.

In any case, I did respond to your main point about Zionist writings before the Holocaust. They don't strike me as particularly abhorrent in the context of the times. Some of the sentiments are very noble. You had earlier discounted my earlier postings of what the Mufti of Jerusalem said and the Arab crowds that yelled death to the Jews. It seems like same old, same old to me. There are a range of views on both sides, but generally, the Jews want a country of their own and are willing to tolerate an Arab minority and many Arab countries nearby. The Arabs do not want there to be a Jewish country and many of them are much more extreme than that.
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 1:35 pm

Ray Jay wrote:The Soviet Union was no bargain either.
Not too sure about that one. It was better than the old says of Tsars and pogroms, and the main dark period was not until after the war, when Stalin blamed Jewish doctors for his failing health.

In any case, I did respond to your main point about Zionist writings before the Holocaust. They don't strike me as particularly abhorrent in the context of the times. Some of the sentiments are very noble. You had earlier discounted my earlier postings of what the Mufti of Jerusalem said and the Arab crowds that yelled death to the Jews. It seems like same old, same old to me. There are a range of views on both sides, but generally, the Jews want a country of their own and are willing to tolerate an Arab minority and many Arab countries nearby. The Arabs do not want there to be a Jewish country and many of them are much more extreme than that.
Again with "The Arabs" and telling us what they all think/want?

Your most important quote is from the father of Zionism. I repeat it here:

It goes without saying that we shall respectfully tolerate persons of other faiths and protect their property, their honor, and their freedom with the harshest means of coercion. This is another area in which we shall set the entire world a wonderful example ... Should there be many such immovable owners in individual areas [who would not sell their property to us], we shall simply leave them there and develop our commerce in the direction of other areas which belong to us"


What's wrong with that? The bulk of the conversation is about living in peace with Arab neighbors. There is some conversation about encouraging Arabs to move out of Palestine. There is less conversation about forcing Arabs to move out of Palestine.


You avoided repeating the first part -
Theodore Herzl wrote:When we occupy the land, we shall bring immediate benefits to the state that receives us. We must expropriate gently the private property on the estates assigned to us. We shall try to spirit the penniless population across the border by procuring employment for it in the transit countries, while denying it any employment in our country. The property owners will come over to our side. Both the process of expropriation and the removal of the poor must be carried out discretely and circumspectly
[/quote]

The only thing is that there's not much evidence in the actual practice of Zionist settlement of trying to procure work elsewhere (plenty of talk about how far away it could be, in Iraq etc rather than a few miles away). Herzl was indeed the father of Zionism, but when it came to the reality of it, what happened was that land was purchased from feudal landlords and the people living there were evicted, with few places to go.

It may have been polite ethnic cleansing, but ethnic cleansing it was. When the native population rebelled (and not just the Muslims, but the Christians too), matters escalated, and indeed the colonists were seen as imperialists - worse than the absentee Ottomans by dint of breaking the old ways and being right there instead of in another land. And there was indeed a violent reaction, in part due to the frustration of their own claims of independence following WWI and the deal cut by France and Britain to set up their own mandates, the latter with the promise of a Jewish Homeland that had been made without reference to the people actually living there.

It was a polarised position, and there have been violent and extremist movements on both sides. Terrorism, massacres, forced evictions, vile propaganda... trying to say that one side was more 'noble' than the other because it couched its plans to create an exclusive homeland in slightly nicer language does not really cut it.

And while I can see that the move to return to Israel was in a way justified by the treatment of Jews elsewhere (ancient claims to the land are, I'm sorry, less impressive, as there are other peoples who have been displaced from their lands far more recently who get no look in), that does not mean that buying up land and evicting the people who've lived there for generations is going to be taken lightly.
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 3:06 pm

The examples cited by Owen--at least with regard to the British Mandate and the US Colonies--were not similar to the present one between Israel and the Palestinians. In those situations, even though Great Britain was more powerful than the American rebels or Israeli guerrillas their vital interests were not at stake and so violence could impose too high of a cost on a colonial power. Here, violence by a weaker power does not work because Israel's interests at stake are too vital to get them to back down.

I think it is somewhat hair-splitting to distinguish between the Holocaust and persecution of the Jews in the 1930s in this context. The point is that Europe was not a comfortable place for Jews in the 1930s and Palestine started to become an urgent alternative. In any case, were the majority of Jews in Palestine willing to accept the Partition or not? If so, then why are the statement of a few Jews significant?

On Jewish connection to the land on Israel that idea seems connected to a genetic relationship to the Middle East in modern Jews. The evidence appears to be favor of that argument, at least with regard to Jewish men.

http://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2 ... y-asserts/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20 ... 123707.htm

And of course Palestinians and many Israeli Jews are genetically pretty close to each other. In fact, Palestinians may, may (who knows?) be descended from early Christians and Jews (it makes sense if yout think about it--what would have been the religion in that area until the 7th Century Moslem conquest--Christianity and Judaism)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people

Finally, maybe the Palestinians have an easier target: Jordan. http://www.meforum.org/3121/jordan-is-palestinian
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Post 09 Sep 2014, 6:03 pm

Danivon:
Herzl was indeed the father of Zionism, but when it came to the reality of it, what happened was that land was purchased from feudal landlords and the people living there were evicted, with few places to go.

It may have been polite ethnic cleansing, but ethnic cleansing it was.


I think that you are being too sweeping here. No doubt there were some Jews who advocated this process and there were other times when it happened. But I'm not under the impression that it was as sweeping or as conspiratorial as you suggest. Jews bought land; Jews tried to use the land as profitably as they could I suspect that sometimes involved keeping some of the work force, and sometimes not. You make it sound very stark and widespread. A source here would be helpful How many people and how much land are we talking about? The reality is that the area's economy improved with the arrival of Jews and the Muslim Palestinian population increased.

Per Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Palestine there were about 500,000 Muslims and Christians in Palestine in 1890. By 1931 it was 850,000 and by 1947 there are over 1.3 million Muslims and Christians in Palestine. If the Jews were engaged in ethnic cleansing, it may have been the least efficient ethnic cleansing ever.
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 10:47 am

Jabotinksy in 1939: "There is no choice: the Arabs must make room for the Jews in Eretz Israel. If it was possible to transfer the Baltic peoples, it is also possible to move the Palestinian Arabs (to Iraq and Saudi Arabia)."


ray
If the Jews were engaged in ethnic cleansing, it may have been the least efficient ethnic cleansing ever.


If your argument is that Jews in Israel possess a morally supperior position in their claim to land, and in their behaviours ....then the original language is very important. It represents the original goals and plans for the Zionist leaders.

After all when Hamas leaders talk about eradicating Israel you don't excuse them because they've done a lousy job at realizing their plan.
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 11:40 am

rickyp wrote:
Jabotinksy in 1939: "There is no choice: the Arabs must make room for the Jews in Eretz Israel. If it was possible to transfer the Baltic peoples, it is also possible to move the Palestinian Arabs (to Iraq and Saudi Arabia)."


ray
If the Jews were engaged in ethnic cleansing, it may have been the least efficient ethnic cleansing ever.


If your argument is that Jews in Israel possess a morally supperior position in their claim to land, and in their behaviours ....then the original language is very important. It represents the original goals and plans for the Zionist leaders.

After all when Hamas leaders talk about eradicating Israel you don't excuse them because they've done a lousy job at realizing their plan.


I agree. You should read Jabotinski's life story and in particular the context around that quote from 1939.. From Wikipedia:

During the 1930s, Jabotinsky was deeply concerned with the situation of the Jewish community in Eastern Europe, particularly Poland. In 1936, Jabotinsky prepared the so-called "evacuation plan", which called for the evacuation of the entire Jewish population of Poland, Hungary and Romania to Palestine. Also in 1936, he toured Eastern Europe, meeting with the Polish Foreign Minister, Colonel Józef Beck; the Regent of Hungary, Admiral Miklós Horthy, and Prime Minister Gheorghe Tătărescu of Romania to discuss the evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval of all three governments, but caused considerable controversy within Polish Jewry, on the grounds that it played into the hands of Polish anti-Semites. In particular, the fact that the 'evacuation plan' had the approval of the Polish government was taken by many Polish Jews as indicating Jabotinsky had gained the endorsement of what they considered to be the wrong people. The evacuation of Jewish communities in Poland, Hungary and Romania was to take place over a ten-year period. However, the controversy was rendered moot when the British government vetoed it, and the World Zionist Organization's chairman, Chaim Weizmann, dismissed it. Two years later, in 1938, Jabotinsky stated in a speech that Polish Jews 'were living on the edge of the volcano' and warned that a wave of bloody super-pogroms would happen in Poland sometime in the near future. Jabotinsky went on to warn Jews in Europe that they should leave for Palestine as soon as possible. There is much discussion about whether or not Jabotinsky actually predicted the Holocaust. In his writings and public appearance he warned against the dangers of an outbreak of violence against the Jewish population of East Central Europe. On the other hand, as late as August 1939, he was certain that war would be averted.[18]


Also from Wikipedia:

Jabotinsky was a complex personality, combining cynicism and idealism. According to the historian Benny Morris, documents show that Jabotinsky favored the idea of transfer of Arab populations if required for establishing a (still-proposed) Jewish state.[21] Jabotinsky's other writings state, "We do not want to eject even one Arab from either the left or the right bank of the Jordan River. We want them to prosper both economically and culturally. We envision the regime of Jewish Palestine [Eretz Israel ha-Ivri] as follows: most of the population will be Jewish, but equal rights for all Arab citizens will not only be guaranteed, they will also be fulfilled."[14] Jabotinsky was convinced that there was no way for the Jews to regain any part of Palestine without opposition from the Arabs. In 1934, he wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state which declared that Arabs would be on an equal footing with their Jewish counterparts "throughout all sectors of the country's public life." The two communities would share the state's duties, both military and civil service, and enjoy its prerogatives. Jabotinsky proposed that Hebrew and Arabic should enjoy equal status, and that "in every cabinet where the prime minister is a Jew, the vice-premiership shall be offered to an Arab and vice versa."[22]


As you can see, like many of us on these pages, but 80 years earlier he is grappling with the need for Zionism as well as fairness to the indigenous population. He is thinking about the possibility of a Holocaust and also thinking about conflict and reconciliation with the Arabs. Anyone here want to make quotes that will be just as prescient on 2 different continents in 80 years?

But I digress. You are comparing (1) one Zionist leader who wrote in 1939 (who was on the right wing and did not achieve a majority in his lifetime) calling for transferring Palestinian Arabs to other Arab lands (who at the time I presume had a similar ethnic composition) as he was worrying about the murder of millions of European Jews with (2) the entire Hamas charter which calls for Killing all Jews everywhere.

You've claimed that both sides are equally morally repugnant.

One side calls for murder; one side calls for transfer.
One side calls for killing all members of an entire religion regardless of whether they have anything to do with the conflict.
One side is being quoted from today and one side is being quoted from 1939.
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 11:56 am

You've distracted me so I've been reading Jabotinski's writings from 1923. How is this for prescience:

http://www.jabotinsky.org/multimedia/up ... _49117.pdf

There can be no voluntary agreement between ourselves and the Palestine
Arabs. Not now, nor in the prospective future. I say this with such conviction, not
because I want to hurt the moderate Zionists. I do not believe that they will be hurt.
Except for those who were born blind, they realised long ago that it is utterly
impossible to obtain the voluntary consent of the Palestine Arabs for converting
"Palestine" from an Arab country into a country with a Jewish majority.

...

In the second place, this does not mean that there cannot be any agreement
with the Palestine Arabs. What is impossible is a voluntary agreement. As long as the
Arabs feel that there is the least hope of getting rid of us, they will refuse to give up
this hope in return for either kind words or for bread and butter, because they are not a
rabble, but a living people. And when a living people yields in matters of such a vital
character it is only when there is no longer any hope of getting rid of us, because they
can make no breach in the iron wall. Not till then will they drop their extremist
leaders whose watchword is "Never!"
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 1:01 pm

ray
One side calls for murder; one side calls for transfer


And if they won't "transfer willingly"? There's lots of Zionist leaders to quote in this...

Ben-Gurion in 1937: "We must expel Arabs and take their places… and, if we have to use force – not to dispossess the Arabs of the Negev and Transjordan, but to guarantee our own right to settle in those places – then we have force at our disposal


rickyp
You've claimed that both sides are equally morally repugnant.

yes. because "ethnic cleansing" is morally repugnant.
The arguement has always been, and you've restated it, that Jews are owed a state because of the great crimes committed against them as a race.
The Palestinian Arabs who were, and continue to be, forced from their homes did not commit these crimes. And yet they end up as the one's punished. Somehow they were always suppossed to take one for the team?
One great crime does not justify another crime.

Not much of history can be undone however. What must be dealt with is the current circumstance. If you reread the Jabolinsky you quote there resides a glimmer of the idea of reciprocity.
a reciprocity that seems alien to the current israelis government.
In 1934, he wrote a draft constitution for the Jewish state which declared that Arabs would be on an equal footing with their Jewish counterparts "throughout all sectors of the country's public life." The two communities would share the state's duties, both military and civil service, and enjoy its prerogatives. Jabotinsky proposed that Hebrew and Arabic should enjoy equal status, and that "in every cabinet where the prime minister is a Jew, the vice-premiership shall be offered to an Arab and vice versa."[22]


from this its possible to envision Jabolinsky supporting the notion of two equal states existing side by side. A notion that the current Israelis government does not demonstrate a willingness to seriously undertake.
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 1:39 pm

Ricky:
from this its possible to envision Jabolinsky supporting the notion of two equal states existing side by side. A notion that the current Israelis government does not demonstrate a willingness to seriously undertake.

I agree; but you have to ask "why"?
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 2:07 pm

ray
I agree; but you have to ask "why"


Doesn't matter why...
Without the spirit of reciprocity that Jabolinsky envisions in his vision of two states on one land ..... there won't be a peaceful solution.
Israel has to over come the why, and get to the why not.

Starting with treating their neighbors as fellow humans who don't deserve to be ethnically cleansed, forcibly transfered from land they''ve lived on for generations. Don't deserve to be penned into "security zones" and the ghetto of Gaza.
The solution for Jews should not end up with Palestinians living in conditions that Desmond Tutu says echos that which he endured in South Africa.

It is true that there is some risk for Israelis in making genuine, genorous, moves towards a two state settlment. But the potential reward is enormous.
The option is to continue as is.... And the results of that are continued degradation of Palestinians. Continued violent resistance from an embittered populace. For years....

I think choosing the second option is immoral. And its clear that most of what Israels' government is doing is delaying the process in order to make incremental land grabs, and to try and solidfy its hold on lands that International Law says is not there's to occupy.
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Post 10 Sep 2014, 2:25 pm

Your entitled to your view, but let's not distort the facts. Palestinians are not being ethnically cleansed by Israel.
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Post 11 Sep 2014, 6:43 am

ray
Your entitled to your view, but let's not distort the facts. Palestinians are not being ethnically cleansed by Israel.


Lets start with historical fact. Llan Pappe claims that the original story of the period from 47 to 49 was etnic cleanisng.
The renowned Israeli historian revisits the formative period of the State of Israel. Between 1947 and 1949, over 400 Palestinian villages were deliberately destroyed, civilians were massacred, and around a million men, women, and children were expelled from their homes at gunpoint. Denied for almost six decades, had it happened today it could only have been called "ethnic cleansing".

Decisively debunking the myth that the Palestinian population left of their own accord in the course of this war, Ilan Pappe offers impressive archival evidence to demonstrate that, from its very inception, a central plank in Israel's founding ideology was the forcible removal of the indigenous population. Indispensable for anyone interested in the Middle East


And other Israelis historians like Benny Morris tend to concur.
Benny Morris proposed several interpretations. The conclusion of his main work on the topic The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem (1989) is that the exodus was the "result of war, not intent". Nevertheless, he stated later that "[i]n retrospect, it is clear that what occurred in 1948 in Palestine was a variety of ethnic cleansing of Arab areas by Jews. It is impossible to say how many of the 700,000 or so Palestinians who became refugees in 1948 were physically expelled, as distinct from simply fleeing a combat zone."[9] In an interview to Ha'aretz in 2004, he also defended the idea that having performed an ethnic cleansing in 1948 had been a better choice for the Jews than living a genocide.[10] In his last book about the 1948 War: 1948: A History the First Arab-Israeli War (2006), he nuanced all this and stated that "[d]uring the 1948 War, (...) although there were expulsions and although an atmosphere of what would later be called ethnic cleansing prevailed during critical months, transfer never became a general or declared Zionist policy. Thus, by war's end, even though much of the country had been "cleansed" of Arabs, other parts of the country -notably central Galilee- were left with substantial Muslim Arab popultions (...).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ethnic ... _Palestine

So, I feel comfortable with characterizing the expulsion/evacuation as ethnic cleansing.

Is ethnic cleansing continuing today?
What happens when Israel annexes land? They evict the Palestinians on it...
Isn't that what ethnic cleansing is? The forcible eviction of a people from their land? Its continuing today, in small increments. There was an annouced annexation just last week...
And a version of it, the seizure of water and water rights forces Arabs to move as well. And the location of security fences on occupied lands has forced Arabs to relocate... Whats that?

from 2011 ...
http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-d ... y-1.396225

Ashraf Madrasa, from the nearby village of Bardallah, showed Haaretz an ownership deed from 1961 for a 36-dunam tract of the land. He said the Israel Defense Forces seized the land, declared it a "military area," drove out the owners and ordered never to return.
A number of landowners were given alternative plots belonging to "absentee" Palestinians who fled during the 1967 Six-Day War. Sami Rajab, whose family farms in the area, said that in exchange for several plots in the area he was evicted from, his father received a tract that belonged to his uncle, who emigrated to Canada.


Who distorts the facts? Perhaps it is those who ignore, or are unwilling to listen to the Arabs testimony and who are willing to ignore international courts ?
I'm pretty sure that both sides have temporized the facts at a minimum.
Whats also clear is that the Israelis have better PR professionals.